Case Assignment- Critical Thinking - Basic Concepts of Quantitative Assignment

Case - Critical Thinking - Basic Concepts of Quantitative Reasoning Hypothesis grooming - Assignment ExampleThis enabled the researchers to collect close ended data, which are easily analyzed by intake of quantitative software (Biggs, 1987).The results turned out that in terms of demographic differences, there were no significant differences between dropouts and fixed learners. The area of differentiation was however with regards to perception of family and brass instrumental support where it was determined that persistent group displayed higher perception.The findings conclude that as far as online learning is concerned, external factors that has to do with the resistant of support a learner gets influence the rate of completion of course than internal and demographic factors.The organization of the study made it highly easier to follow and understand (Osborn, 2001). The study was also self explanatory and did not contain any technicalities that are difficult to

Debating the Atomic Bomb in the New York Times Article

Debating the Atomic Bomb in the New York Times - Article ExampleThis editorial makes it a point to mention that, if a third world war is to be avoided, then the public moldiness become even more than involved. The author of this editorial, who is not named, makes the point that scientists be creating weapons that can alter the program of history. As such, they must have a responsibility to ensure these weapons are used as a deterrent, rather than for purposes of evil. The author contends that never before in history have scientists held so much major power and, as such, a debate must take place to determine how, if ever, such bombs will be used again. This keeps in line with the political leaning of the New York Times during this time period. The paper, while not necessarily being outspoken critics of war efforts undertaken by the United States, certainly advocated a stance more towards the concept of neutrality. The Atomic Bomb was a big step in the advancement of war engineer ing science and editorials in the New York Times during 1945 took a hesitant stance towards its further development. If you will, it would appear that the editorial advance of the paper certainly did not want to appear proud of the fact that we had dropped two such broad bombs on Japan. Finally, this editorial piece focused its attention on the beginning to educate the public more about the advances of science. To this point, the author contends that scientific advancement went largely unnoticed. Now that weapons, such as the atomic bomb, are being created, the public must have more of a voice. The obvious point here is do that the decision to use such weapons ultimately impacts every citizen in the country, so they need to make their voices heard. This pip of getting the public more involved in the affairs of science is the overarching theme of this particular editorial. compend The author of this editorial has two main points. The major idea centers on the responsibility tha t scientists who are in charge of creating such weapons as the atomic bomb have. This responsibility entails them understanding the power of destruction they substantiate over the world as these bombs are created. Furthermore, a second underlying theme of the editorial the broil that scientists need to bring the atomic bomb debate to the American people. Since citizens are directly impacted by these weapons use, all of society has the responsibility to let the government know whether or not they approve of its eventual deployment in times of war. The atomic bomb was designed to bring a quick end to any(prenominal) conflict. Scientists developed it with this end result in mind.

Tourism and hospitality management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tourism and hospitality way - Essay ExampleHospitality prudence is one of the key areas which can define the overall fighting of the firms working in the hospitality industry. Over the period of time, firms which have been able to develop better anxiety of its resources have been successful in developing crucial free-enterprise(a) advantages over their competitors. This report has presented a effected analysis of different issues pertaining to two different services providers in the industry. The overall purpose was to check and probe whether different aspects of hospitality focal point and project management are carried egress in accordance with the best practices. A visit to Sheraton Hotel suggested that the hotel has good quality hygiene food, better services, safety management as strong as the roles and responsibilities are adequately defined. This has allowed the hotel to develop a system under which different activities are carried out in accordance with the laid do wn policies and procedures. This was done in order to get a firsthand information about the best practices adapted by the industry leading schemes. Crystal Clear use, our close assignment, however, showed somewhat a different scenario as the resort faced different issues such as large number management, diversity, customer services as well as communication between the employees. Due to diversity of the employees, Resort is facing different challenges and as such requires complete change in the overall attitude of the management in shaping its overall competitive advantage within the industry.... ike work place diversity , step-down the conflict between the employees as well as improve communication between them requires that the Resort moldiness develop better strategies as well as work environment in order to underwrite that it can operate on the long term basis besides become more competitive in the industry. It is withal critical that Resorts must be able to implement bett er conflict management practices in order to ensure that it can deliver better customer services to its customers. Overall the organization rents a direction- a new strategy to ensure that it has put in place important changes. This would include better management of HR resources, better running(a) broadcastning as well as the adequate and effective conflict management system. Develop and Implement Operational Plans Appendix A The need for Operational Plans Operational plans are considered as the sub-set of the overall strategic framework of the organization and require meticulous compliance with the overall strategy of the firm. It not only defines the short term goals and objectives to be achieved but also outline as to how and what scatters of the overall strategy of the firm needs to be operationalized. A well-developed operational plan is considered as essential for the development and approval of the operational budget of the organization. A well-developed operational plan therefrom provides answers to questions like how to measure the progress and where firm intends to go. This approach therefore makes operational plans an important part of the overall strategy execution of the firm. A clear and well prepared operational plan therefore helps firms to set clear objectives, overall activities to be delivered as well as desired outcomes. Appendix B Internal and External Factors In order to better prepare

The Cost of Higher Eduction Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Cost of Higher Eduction - research Paper ExampleThis research will begin with the statement that the cost of the higher nurture in America has been escalating, and many populate ar wondering how they will have education for their children. The higher education in U.S is an last optional stage of the formal discipline after the secondary education. The educational institutions accept the colleges, universities that are both private and creation. The cost of higher education is known to be relatively cheaper for the public institutions compared to the private ones. The cost of the higher education has skyrocketed making the college and university education unaffordable. The level of unemployment has also been increasing, and the employed people are not getting any increment of their salaries, but the college tuition fee has been increasing in the public colleges. The cost of the education services from college tuition could be solely attributed to the fault of the instituti ons of higher learning with the administration being accused of the bloat compared to the reduced governmental funding. However, the facilities of higher education have tested to keep the expenditures and the tuition down. Many institutions do not try to inflate the costs of the education deliberately. When the ultimate projection is made the todays cost of the higher education may seem cheaper compared to the future costs. Still, the costs are rising at alarming rates that are faster than the inflation.

Business Law Case Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Business honor Case Analysis - Essay ExampleShe refuses to take the check since she is against bribes.In this episode, Alicia is given several interest options. One of the options is to run for States attorney. Secondly, she is supposed to lure Diane to her firm to fight cases in merciless world of Chicago law. The main legal law on this case is drug trafficking. Carry is arrested and jailed for her attempts to help in the trafficking of heroin worth $1.3 million.The drug trafficking case against Cary makes Alicia to be compelled to run for the States Attorney post. Being compelled to take the post helps in bringing out her denial for the $1.3 million bribe.throughout the episode, there are complicated moral issues. For instance, it is interesting to see Alicia use her husbands condition in a bid to compromise her moral code. She scoffs when others refer to her as St. Alicia, but she thinks of herself that way. She thinks of being a Saint when her biggest client is a drug

William Faulkner Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

William Faulkner - try on ExampleFaulkner was a multitalented individual even at a tender age he was spry in sports as he played for his luxuriously school football team. His interests in literature were depicted during his early years. Upon reaching puberty, this renowned author started writing poems. However, after his teens, Faulkner began loosing interest in formal studies and last decided to quit school. A few years by and by, Faulkner was to meet one of the most inspiring literary artists in his lifetime Phil Stone. Additionally, Faulkner met the love of his life in those early years she was known as Estelle Oldham.The later mentioned girl had a romantic relationship with Faulkner but never committed her life to him because she was betrothed to soulfulness else. Stone- his literary mentor- had seen some of Faulkners earlier poetic works and realized that he had great potential to compel it in the world of literature.Faulkners first job was a in New Haven where he worked briefly in an Arms Company. Thereafter, he tried coreing the Army but his physical appearance did non allow him to progress. Afterward, he joined the Canadian Royal Air displume. His life in the Air potency did not last long since the world war ended just soon after he had joined them. In order to keep track of his experiences, Faulkner decided to purchase some Air force accolades. This experience in the Army was one of the most influential aspects in his literary works. One of his saucys Soldiers ante up which was published in 26 indicated some of his fictional experiences in the war.In the year 19919, Faulkner got a chance to join a university. He was able to accomplish this even despite the fact that he had dropped out of high schools. This future author was genuinely active in his university forming clubs and other similar associations. (Amazon, 2006)However, Faulkner never completed his studies. rather he opted for odd jobs. He worked as a postmaster, bookstore assist ant and even as a Scoutmaster. All these jobs did not suite his outgoing personality and he was forced to resign or quite.literary worksIn the early twenties, Faulkner began by writing some essays that formed part of the New siege of Orleans collection. He then embarked on his first literary novel called Soldiers pay. After completing this novel, it was published by Live right. Thereafter, Faulkner decided to move to Italy and then Paris. These served as great influences in is hour novel Sanctuary. The second novel was published in the year 1926 and was entitled Mosquitoes. It mainly talked about some of the earlier influences in the army but this book was not one of his best productions. Failures in the latter novel resulted in improvements in his next pieces of work. He was advised to stay true to his roots and this is exactly what he did in his subsequent works. Faulkner realized that he could create greater influences if they depicted native aspects of his community. This third publication seemed very interesting to Faulkner but not to his publishers. His first publisher refused to wok with him and so did many other publishers. After a frantic search for a publisher, Faulkner finally got a willing one in the year 1926. However, the novel was only released after excessive editing and changes made to his title.

Compare and contrast between the structure of Thailand's Government Research Paper

Comp atomic number 18 and contrast between the structure of Thailands Government and USs - query Paper ExampleThailand is governed by a system of centralization, (Royal Thai Consulate, 2002) and they hold their Constitution as the highest law of the land. The Thai Government is broken down into three main components, which ar legislative, juridic and decision maker powers. The Legislative power is devoted to the Parliament, and it works by dint of a divided National Assembly that consists of their business firm of Representatives and the Senate. The people of Thailand elect the National Assembly. The Parliament has to approve wholly of the legislation that the House of Representatives and the Senate wants to pass. If they get parliamentary approval, then the Parliament takes it to the King who has to sign it before it can become law (Chaninat & Leeds, 2011). Thailands Judicial Power works through the Court of Law with three contrary levels, which are the Court of initiative I nstance, the Court of Appeal, and the Supreme Court. The Court of First Instance deals with juvenile and family issues, but they keep back the authority to settle criminal cases as well which are in the general courts, which are Civil, Criminal, Provincial and Kwaeng Courts. Civil Courts are for property issues Criminal Courts are for people that read been arrested for a crime they may have committed Provincial Courts are for all general civil and criminal problems that happen in their own province, and Kwaeng Courts are for special criminal cases. The Court of Appeal handles all of the appeals cases that come before them against a judgment that has already been made in the Civil and Criminal Courts. The Supreme Court is the last court of appeal for all of the law cases in the entire Kingdom (The Judiciary of Thailand, 2011). Finally, Thailands Executive power works through the Cabinet, which the Prime Minister controls. The Prime Minister has a Council of Ministers, which contr ol 15 different ministries. Those ministries are perspective of the Prime Minister Ministry of Finance Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministry of Defense Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives Ministry of Education Ministry of Transport and communication theory Ministry of Commerce Ministry of Public Health Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment Ministry of University Affairs Ministry of Justice Ministry of Labor and Social upbeat Ministry of Industry Ministry of the Interior This entire system is kept in the middle of Thailand, but it is divided into different regional and provincial governments. Bangkok has its own administrative people and elects its own governor. The other provinces of Thailand have their governors constitute for them (The Judiciary of Thailand, 2011). The United States of America is a democratic type of government, currently headed by President Barack Obama, who has the highest semipolitical power of the people of the United States. They have one Constitution, and The President has a second in controller to him, which is the Vice President of the United States. There are three branches of the U.S. government, which carry out their own functions and have their own powers. The three branches are Legislative, Judicial and Executive. The Legislative branch of the U.S. government is the part of the law that makes up the Senate, the House of Representatives and other people that support the Congress. If the Senate and the Congress want a bill passed, they have to have it signed by the President once they have approved

Business Research and Professional Skill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Research and Professional Skill - move ExampleThis is effectively achieved by ways of in themselves creating this very economy of scale expanding business operations helps them lower the marginal cost of production allowing them to therefore provide a favorable pricing policy within the market.In achieving the aforementioned, firms must build up capacity. The attention of managers-and researchers alike-has been commonly directed towards assets in the disposition of physical (fixed and current) and monetary assets (optimal capital structure) of the firm in achieving this objective. Perhaps as an oversight or of especial(a) interest is the aspect of human resource and its contribution towards this end. Human resource policies usually come into combust when matters of corporate governance and ethics in business practice are highlighted and rightly so. A essential therefore presents itself to examine whether the scope of human resource policies extend beyond the limited pr ecincts of governance and organizational culture into its influence on capacity building in medium size manufacturing firms aiming to move to the beside level of operations.Organizational culture is created for through the organizations core values as stated within the participations vision, mission and objectives (VMO) clause. The determination of this clause is restricted within the periphery of strategic decision makers involving the take in level management (also referred to as C-level management since their usually have a prefix chief in their title for example chief executive officer, chief finance officer, chief marketing director and so on, so forth ). It is this organizational culture that provides identity to the firm within the public, thereby, distinguishing it from other organizations and by extension, their products in the market.Therefore, this research aims at exploring the efficacy of the human resource policies employed as far as the managerial effect contribut es to the performance of

Introduction to business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Introduction to business - Essay ExampleModels ar not only used to unwrap the current position and functioning of the entity but also the future position and the sh ar that the company wants to win in the long run. The type of model that the organization adopts will go a long way of life to de lineine how the customers relate with the organization, how the employees are motivated and also how possible is it for the company to meet its long term plans. Different business models and theories have been adopted by various leaders in the management of their organizations. peerless of these business theory and models is the human relations theory. This theory is mostly relate with the human factor in the company, leadership and the motivation of the workers (Heron, 1993). This theory assumes that both the employer and the employee are social beings and can relate on a common ground. This is also based on the assumption that the employer was so much concerned with the employee behavio r at the work place. The level to which the organization is going to meet its objectives depends so much on the general science of the employees and their general attitude towards work. The human relation theory also makes an assumption that how well the peoples needs are put into consideration, the better they are able to perform in their places of work. People by nature want approximatelyone who will be there for them and by the management showing concern nigh their needs is a way of giving them more reason to be proud and identify with the organization. The theorists who came up with this model suggested that to a given level, the managers could predict the behavior of their employees at the work place. This theory is mainly concerned with employee motivation and general satisfaction at work (Heron, 1993, p. 242). Different categories of people are motivated otherwise according to human relations theory. Rational- economical man is the type of employee who is motivated by be ing allow to exercise those things that are of self interest but at the same time taking replete advantage of the gains that come up in the organization. The second class of the employee is the social man who is motivated by being allowed some social time and allowed to be part of the assemblages in the organization. This type of employee will be motivated by even those things that are considered not as important to other people, for example, being allowed some time to go on a company trip or even a goldbrick business vacation where he is to meet other people. The self-actualization man, according to human relations theory, is motivated by those things that will help him to feel fulfilled as an individual. These things are like any advancements or achievements that the employee achieves and is accepted for them by the company. The management can motivate this employee by allowing him to be free and support any progressive ideas that he may come up with. The fourth type of indi vidual is the complex man and as the name suggests, this employee is not easy to understand and he may stand for unalike things at different times. This man is motivated by understanding his needs personally and or as a group and trying your best to satisfy them in the best way possible. The human relation theory is a theory that applies so much in the day to day running of many businesses because many firms are concerned with productivity and this is achieved by making sure that the employees, who are directly concerned with this production are well catered for their

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 49

school of thought - Essay ExampleNevertheless, in this paper I would interchangeable to focus on the idea that bear on me the most. By far, the teaching of Kant is something that opened my eyes on may different things. That is why I would like to analyze some of the elements of it and show how they were able to affect me.To begin with, I would like to note that the impression of both acts being treated as a potential for universal law was truly impressive. I would have never thought about my actions from this point of view. Indeed, prior to the course I knew that some of the actions that I did were ethical and some of the actions were not completely ethical nevertheless, I never thought that each of them should be critically evaluated in such a rigid manner. I was surprised to discover the idea that routine any action into a universal law may serve as a satisfactory mea certain(p) enough of an action. At first, I was surprised and did not think that it would help me. However, g radually I came to the ground that this is a rather useful approach. It helps people to concentrate and what it right and not make mistakes in life.The coterminous concept of Kants teaching that affected me much was the concept of good will. According to the above mentioned position, treating every action is as potential universal law is not enough it is important to make sure that the person who performs it has a good will. Indeed, the latter is a rather obvious concept nevertheless, it is rather concentrated to define it correctly as there are many aspects that should be taken into consideration, making sure that none of them is omitted, but when it is done, it is evident that the absence of good will is one of the major determinants of a moralistic action. All this results in the understanding that evaluating the consequences of an action may not be fully reliable when it comes to assessing an action. I believe that such approach affected me a lot since it urges me to think a bout the subjective

Program Evaluation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Program Evaluation - Research Paper Exampleeir programs strengths and weaknesses, provide recommendation for receipts and opportunities to excel in providing an excellent, right and healthy environment for all. Their quality of doing business and quality of providing a safe and healthy environment for their workers and their customer alike would be evaluated in this report.Keywords Procter & Gamble P&G, Occupational natural rubber and Health Association OSHA, The National Institute for Occupational safety and Health NIOSH, Health, Safety & Environmental HS&E, immobile moving consumer goods FMCG, policies, employee safety, product safety.Procter & Gamble (P&G) is a globally recognized name of a multinational FMCG company. plenty Magazine has given it a ranking of no. 6 amongst the Global Most Admired Companies, kick upstairs it ranks No. 2 among Top Companies for Leaders. Bloomberg Businessweek has ranked P&G as No. 12 amongst the Worlds Most Innovative Companies. When it comes to sustainability it is amongst the top ranks from 2000 to 2010 consecutively at the Dow Jones Sustainability Indexes and in 2011 it ranked No. 13 as the Most Sustainable Corporations in the World (www.Pg.com, 2011). P&G takes pride in it diverse workforce which lay standards for its unique culture and has been a source of its recognition and success.P&G seeks to be the best consumer products and services company in the world. P&Gs current Safety and Health policy includes having safe and healthy operations around the world, protecting the life and health of its employees and skirt communities, protecting its assets, ensuring business continuity and engenders public trust (P&G, 2009).P&Gs Environmental grapheme Policy states that they strive to improve the environmental quality of their products, packaging and operations globally. As per their Environmental theatrical role Policy P&G has always strive to achieve clean, safe and incident free operations at all of its global ly spread

Automobile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Automobile - Essay Exampleconditioning with climate control, phone anti-theft protection, smart card or smart key manual with central locking, and BMWs customized RDS audio constitution among others. Car color comes in alpine white, imola red, jet black, and so on.On Chryslers front, the M3 may be matched with the Sebring and 300C. However, Chryslers Sebring may prove to be an inferior counterpart as it only comes with a 2.4-liter in-line 4-front locomotive that may produce only 150 horsepower at 5,500 rpm. Nevertheless, the Sebring set is rendered more economical with a fuel consumption of about 30 mpg for highway cruising and 22 mpg for city driving. The 2006 Chrysler Sebring has interior standard features comprising of sheet control, driver and passenger front airbag sensors and ventilation system.Similarly, the Chrysler 300C model may falter in comparison to BMWs M3 in terms of engine power. This sedan has a 2.7-liter V6 front engine that can generate one hundred ninety hors epower at 6,400 rpm. With the lower engine power, this model also has lower fuel usage at 28 mpg and 21 mpg for highway and city driving, respectively. This sedan is built-in with audio anti-theft protection, cruise control, illuminated entryway system and ventilation system with recirculation setting, among others.For the artistically inclined, both the Sebring and 300C come in a variety of colourize in clearcoat and pearlcoat such as bright silver metallic, brilliant black crystal, inferno red, satin jade, linen money and stone white.Price conscious car buyers may opt for these Chrysler models, which are marketed at a relatively lower price. The Sebring 2006 series is currently valued at $20,000 to $28,000 depending on the specifications. The 300C ranges from $23,000 to $39,900 for the latest series. On the other hand, the BMW M3 has a relatively higher price tag of $56,600 for the 2006 base two-door convertible L6, and $48,900 for the latest coupe L6 model.Among the M series, BMWs top-of-the-line model is

Scrutinize the Qatar Architects Ethical and Professional Code of Assignment - 1

Scrutinize the Qatar Architects Ethical and Professional Code of Conduct, snap and structure its components in canons, estimable standards (ES) and rules, according to the AIA and RIBA codes - Assignment ExampleThe second part analyses and relates the AIA codes and then the RIBA codes to that of Qatar Architects ethical standards and professional codes are essential since they work towards aligning themselves with the AIAs Ethics Code on military personnel Rights This is through prohibiting design of execution and spaces, torture, inhuman treatment, and degrading treatment of architects.All registered architects must try to come on excellence in architecture through their work and encourage others too. They must also carry pop their duties to the best of their ability and to the satisfaction of clients and have proper regard for the interests of all consumers.The code of treat expects architects to assoil themselves with integrity and honesty. This is in line with RIBA codes of integrity. This makes them to honor architecture as a unique profession. They must not act in manners that will make put their profession into dispute.They must therefore, work with wanness and integrity. The Qatari architects code of conduct explains that architects (registered), do not have interest in personal or financial in connection with businesses that may turn out to be inconsistent with obligations of professional conduct and standards.The code also calls for architects to rely on performance, ability, and experience as the basis of advancement in business, and shall not criticize maliciously how other architects work. Finally, it states that an architect shall be disqualified to serve as director or partner of any practice of architecture proffering service to the public when he becomes a bankrupt or his application is not discharged or has his application rejected by the registration board of architects.The root standard in architecture is about integrity and honesty, where architects are at all times judge to act with honesty and integrity and avoid situations or actions inconsistent with professional obligations. Secondly, they need

Little Speech on Liberty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Little Speech on Liberty - Essay characterAccording to him, liberty is twofold first one is natural and grants the man freedom to do any(prenominal) he wishes, good or evil the second one is freedom granted by federal official authority that limits his freedom within defined parameters.Winthrop emphatically asserts that first type of personal freedom oftentimes makes beast of a man and makes him act in manner that could harm him or others. The civil or federal freedom is important as it safeguards his as well as others interests and welfare. It ensures that individuals liberty does not adversely impact others or oneself. It is like the freedom of choice given by Church who makes it Gods order that man must act for the good of others and evil acts are against Gods covenant. Winthrop livery is to exonerate his actions in the court which had resulted in his impeachment. Though he was later acquitted, his speech has amply implied that uncouth actions taken were broadly in the wider w elfare of the persons and public at

The Role & Impact of Treatment for Individuals with Substance Use Research Paper

The Role & Impact of Treatment for Individuals with Substance Use Disorders - query Paper Examplerious activities including look into and trends with the purpose of significantly improving prevention and treatment and to inform policy as it relates to drug abuse and addiction (National Institute on Drug Abuse, n.d.). The Results from the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health for instance revealed that in 2010, 4.1 million persons aged 12 or honest-to-god (1.6 percent of the population) received treatment for a problem related to the use of alcohol or adulterous drugs (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) Past Year Treatment, 2011, par. 3). In this regard, the current research aims to proffer pertinent issues relative to the role and impact of treatment on individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs), oddly with cocaine, heroin and prescription drugs, or those classified under illicit drugs. The discourse would initially provide the definit ion for SUDs, prior to delving into the role and impact of treatment, as required.Substance abuse is defined as a dysfunctional pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress as manifested by one (or more) of the following, occurring within a 12-month periodRecurrent substance use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home (such as repeated absences or poor work performance related to substance use substance-related absences, suspensions, or expulsions from school or nonperformance of children or household).Continued substance use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of the substance (for example, arguments with spouse about consequences of intoxication and physical fights) (American psychiatrical Association, 1994, p. 181).Treatment of SUDs would therefore depend on various factors the type of substance or drugs used, the space of tim e these substances or drugs have been continuously used, the state or mental condition of